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百度 但把两种政治和发展模式分别以「中国」和「美国」冠名分列，其对抗的味道太浓。

The Python programming language is actively used by many people, both in industry and academia, for a wide variety of purposes.

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Python

See also: Comparison of Python IDEs

• Atom, an open source cross-platform IDE with autocomplete, help and more Python features under package extensions.
• Codelobster, a cross-platform IDE for various languages, including Python.
• EasyEclipse, an open source IDE for Python and other languages.
• Eclipse ,with the Pydev plug-in. Eclipse supports many other languages as well.
• Emacs, with the built-in python-mode.
• Eric, an IDE for Python and Ruby
• Geany, IDE for Python development and other languages.
• IDLE, a simple IDE bundled with the default implementation of the language.
• Jupyter Notebook, an IDE that supports markdown, Python, Julia, R and several other languages.
• Komodo IDE an IDE PHOTOS Python, Perl, PHP and Ruby.
• NetBeans, is written in Java and runs everywhere where a JVM is installed.
• Ninja-IDE, free software, written in Python and Qt, Ninja name stands for Ninja-IDE Is Not Just Another IDE
• PyCharm, a proprietary and Open Source IDE for Python development.
• PythonAnywhere, an online IDE and Web hosting service.
• Python Tools for Visual Studio, Free and open-source plug-in for Visual Studio.
• Spyder, IDE for scientific programming.
• Vim, with "lang#python" layer enabled.
• Visual Studio Code, an Open Source IDE for various languages, including Python.
• Wing IDE, cross-platform proprietary with some free versions/licenses IDE for Python.
• Replit, an online IDE that supports multiple languages.

Unit testing frameworks

Further information: List of unit testing frameworks § Python

Python package managers and Python distributions

• Anaconda, Python distribution with conda package manager
• Enthought, Enthought Canopy Python with Python package manager
• pip, package management system used to install and manage software written in Python

Applications

• A-A-P, a tool used to download, build and install software via Makefile-like "recipes"
• Anaconda (installer), an open-source system installer for Linux distributions primarily used in Fedora Linux, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
• Anki, a spaced repetition flashcard program
• Ansible, a configuration management engine for computers by combining multi-node software deployment and ad hoc task execution
• Bazaar, a free distribution deed revision computer control system
• BitBake, a make-like build tool with the special focus of distributions and packages for embedded Linux cross compilation
• BitTorrent, original client, along with several derivatives
• Buildbot, a continuous integration system
• Buildout, a software build tool, primarily used to download and set up development or deployment software dependencies
• Calibre, an open source e-book management tool
• Celery, an asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing
• Chandler, a personal information manager including calendar, email, tasks and notes support that is not currently under development
• Cinema 4D, a 3D art and animation program for creating intros and 3-Dimensional text. Has a built in Python scripting console and engine.
• Conch, implementation of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol with Twisted
• Deluge, a ?a BitTorrent client for GNOME
• Dropbox, a web-based file hosting service
• Exaile, an open source audio player
• Gajim, an instant messaging client for the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
• GlobaLeaks, an open-source whistleblowing framework
• GNOME SoundConverter, a program to convert sound files to various formats and qualities; a wrapper around GStreamer
• Gramps, an open source genealogy software
• Gunicorn, a pre-fork web server for Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) applications
• GYP (Generate Your Projects), a build automation tool (similar to CMake and Premake) to generate native IDE project files (e.g., Visual Studio, Xcode, etc.) from one configuration
• Image Packaging System (IPS), an advanced, cross-platform package manager used in mosty Solaris and OpenSolaris–illumos derivatives
• Juice, a popular podcast downloader
• Mercurial, a cross-platform, distributed source management tool
• Miro, a cross-platform internet television application
• Morpheus, a file sharing client/server software operated by the company StreamCast
• MusicBrainz Picard, a cross-platform MusicBrainz tag editor
• Nicotine, a PyGTK Soulseek client
• OpenLP, lyrics projection software
• OpenShot, a video editor
• OpenStack, a cloud computing IaaS platform
• Pip, a package manager used to install and manage Python software packages such as those from the Python Package Index (PyPI) software repository
• PiTiVi, a video non-linear editing system
• Portage, the heart of Gentoo Linux, an advanced package manager based on the BSD-style ports system
• Pungi, an open-source distribution compose tool to organize creating YUM and system image repositories
• PyChess, a cross-platform computer chess program
• Quake Army Knife, an environment for developing 3D maps for games based on the Quake engine
• Quod Libet, a cross-platform free and open source music player, tag editor and library organizer
• Resolver One, a spreadsheet
• SageMath, a combination of more than 20 main opensource math packages and provides easy to use web interface with the help of Python
• Salt, a configuration management and remote execution engine
• SCons, a tool for building software
• Shinken, a computer system and network monitoring software application compatible with Nagios
• TouchDesigner, a node based visual programming language for real time interactive multimedia content
• Tryton, a three-tier high-level general purpose computer application platform
• Ubuntu Software Center, a graphical package manager, installed by default in Ubuntu releases starting in 9.10 and ending in 16.04
• Wicd, a network manager for Linux
• Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM), a package management utility for RPM-compatible Linux operating systems
• Waf, a build automation tool to assist automatic compiling and installing of computer software
• Xpra, a tool which runs X clients, usually on a remote host, and directs their display to the local machine without losing any state

Web applications

• Allura, an ASF software forge for managing source code repositories, bug reports, discussions, wiki pages, blogs and more for multiple projects
• Bloodhound, an ASF project management and bug tracking system
• ERP5, a powerful open source ERP / CRM used in Aerospace, Apparel, Banking and for e-government
• ERPNext, an open source ERP / CRM
• FirstVoices, an open source language revitalization platform
• Kallithea, a source code management system
• Mailman, one of the more popular packages for running email mailing lists
• MakeHuman, free software for creating realistic 3D humans.
• MoinMoin, a wiki engine
• Odoo (formerly OpenERP), business management software
• Planet, a feed aggregator
• Plone, an open source content management system
• Roundup, a bug tracking system
• Tor2web, an HTTP proxy for Tor Hidden Services (HS)
• Trac, web-based bug/issue tracking database, wiki, and version control front-end
• ViewVC, a web-based interface for browsing CVS and SVN repositories

Video games

• Battlefield 2 uses Python for all of its add-ons and a lot of its functionality.
• Bridge Commander
• Disney's Toontown Online is written in Python and uses Panda3D for graphics.
• Doki Doki Literature Club!, a psychological horror visual novel using the Ren'Py engine
• Eve Online uses Stackless Python.
• Frets on Fire is written in Python and uses Pygame
• Mount & Blade is written in Python.
• Pirates of the Caribbean Online is written in Python and uses Panda3D for graphics.
• SpongeBob SquarePants: Revenge of the Flying Dutchman uses Python as a scripting language.
• The Sims 4 uses Python
• The Temple of Elemental Evil, a computer role-playing game based on the classic Greyhawk Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting
• Unity of Command (video game) is an operational-level wargame about the 1942–43 Stalingrad Campaign on the Eastern Front.
• Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines, a computer role-playing game based on the World of Darkness campaign setting
• Vega Strike, an open source space simulator, uses Python for internal scripting
• World of Tanks uses Python for most of its tasks.

Web frameworks

See also: Comparison of server-side web frameworks

• BlueBream, a rewrite by the Zope developers of the Zope 2 web application server
• CherryPy, an object-oriented web application server and framework
• CubicWeb, a web framework that targets large-scale semantic web and linked open data applications and international corporations
• Django, an MVT (model, view, template) web framework
• Flask, a modern, lightweight, well-documented microframework based on Werkzeug and Jinja 2
• Google App Engine, a platform for developing and hosting web applications in Google-managed data centers, including Python.
• Grok, a web framework based on Zope Toolkit technology
• Jam.py (web framework), a "full stack" WSGI rapid application development framework
• Nevow, a web application framework originally developed by the company Divmod
• Pylons, a lightweight web framework emphasizing flexibility and rapid development
• Pyramid, a minimalistic web framework inspired by Zope, Pylons and Django
• Python Paste, a set of utilities for web development that has been described as "a framework for web frameworks"
• Quixote, a framework for developing Web applications in Python
• RapidSMS, a web framework which extends the logic and capabilities of Django to communicate with SMS messages
• Spyce, a technology to embed Python code into webpages
• Tornado, a lightweight non-blocking server and framework
• TurboGears, a web framework combining SQLObject/SQLAlchemy, Kid/Genshi, and CherryPy/Pylons
• web2py, a full-stack enterprise web application framework, following the MVC design
• Zope 2, an application server, commonly used to build content management systems

Graphics frameworks

• Pygame, Python bindings for SDL
• Panda3D, a 3D game engine for Python
• Python Imaging Library, a module for working with images
• Python-Ogre, a Python Language binding for the OGRE 3D engine

UI frameworks

• appJar, cross-platform, open source GUI library for Python. Provides easy wrapper functions around most of Tkinter with extra functionality built in.
• Kivy, open source Python library for developing multitouch application software with a natural user interface (NUI).
• PyGTK, a popular cross-platform GUI library based on GTK+; furthermore, other GNOME libraries also have bindings for Python
• PyQt, another cross-platform GUI library based on Qt; as above, KDE libraries also have bindings
• PySide, an alternative to the PyQt library, released under the BSD-style licence
• Tkinter is Python's de facto GUI it is shipped in most versions of Python and is integrated in the IDLE. It is based Tcl command tool.
• wxPython, a port of wxWidgets and a cross-platform GUI library for Python

Scientific packages

• Astropy, a library of Python tools for astronomy and astrophysics.
• Biopython, a Python molecular biology suite
• Gensim, a library for natural language processing, including unsupervised topic modeling and information retrieval
• graph-tool, a Python module for manipulation and statistical analysis of graphs.
• Natural Language Toolkit, or NLTK, a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP) for English
• Orange, an open-source visual programming tool featuring interactive data visualization and methods for statistical data analysis, data mining, and machine learning.
• NetworkX, a package for the creation, manipulation, and study of complex networks.
• SciPy, collection of packages for mathematics, science, and engineering
• scikit-learn, a library for machine learning.
• TomoPy, a package for tomographic data processing and image reconstruction
• Veusz, a scientific plotting package
• VisTrails, a scientific workflow and provenance management software with visual programming interface and integrated visualization (via Matplotlib, VTK).
• Apache Singa, a library for deep learning.

Mathematical libraries

• CuPy, a library for GPU-accelerated computing
• Dask, a library for parallel computing
• Manim - open-source Python mathematical animation and visualisation library from 3Blue1Brown
• Mathics, an open-source implementation of the Mathematica programming language
• Matplotlib, providing MATLAB-like plotting and mathematical functions (using NumPy).
• NumPy, a language extension that adds support for large and fast, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices
• Plotly is a scientific plotting library for creating browser-based graphs.
• SageMath is a large mathematical software application which integrates the work of nearly 100 free software projects.
• SymPy, a symbolic mathematical calculations package
• PyMC, python module containing Bayesian statistical models and fitting algorithms, including Markov chain Monte Carlo.

Numerical libraries

• NumPy, a BSD-licensed library that adds support for the manipulation of large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices; it also includes a large collection of high-level mathematical functions. NumPy serves as the backbone for a number of other numerical libraries, notably SciPy. De facto standard for matrix/tensor operations in Python.
• Pandas, a library for data manipulation and analysis.
• SageMath is a large mathematical software application which integrates the work of nearly 100 free software projects and supports linear algebra, combinatorics, numerical mathematics, calculus, and more.
• SciPy, a large BSD-licensed library of scientific tools. De facto standard for scientific computations in Python.
• ScientificPython, a library with a different set of scientific tools
• SymPy, a library based on New BSD license for symbolic computation. Features of Sympy range from basic symbolic arithmetic to calculus, algebra, discrete mathematics and quantum physics.

Additional development packages

• Beautiful Soup, a package for parsing HTML and XML documents
• Cheetah, a Python-powered template engine and code-generation tool
• Construct, a python library for the declarative construction and deconstruction of data structures
• Genshi, a template engine for XML-based vocabularies
• IPython, a development shell both written in and designed for Python
• Jinja, a Python-powered template engine, inspired by Django's template engine
• Kid, simple template engine for XML-based vocabularies
• Meson build system, a software tool for automating the building (compiling) of software
• mod_wsgi, module that provides a WSGI compliant interface for hosting Python based web applications with the Apache web server
• PyObjC, a Python to Objective-C bridge that allows writing OS X software in Python
• Robot Framework, a generic test automation framework for acceptance testing and acceptance test-driven development (ATDD)
• Setuptools, a package development process library designed to facilitate packaging Python projects by enhancing the Python distutils (distribution utilities) standard library.
• Sphinx, which converts reStructuredText files into HTML websites and other formats including PDF, EPub and Man pages
• SQLAlchemy, database backend and ORM
• SQLObject, an ORM for providing an object interface to a database
• Storm, an ORM from Canonical
• Twisted, a networking framework for Python
• VPython, the Python programming language plus a 3D graphics module called Visual

Embedded as a scripting language

Python is, or can be used as the scripting language in these notable software products:

• Abaqus (Finite Element Software)
• ADvantage Framework
• Amarok
• ArcGIS, a prominent GIS platform, allows extensive modelling using Python
• Autodesk Maya, professional 3D modeler allows Python scripting as an alternative to MEL as of version 8.5
• Autodesk MotionBuilder
• Autodesk Softimage (formerly Softimage|XSI)
• BioNumerics a bioinformatics software suite for the management, storage and (statistical) analysis of all types of biological data.
• Blender
• Boxee, a cross-platform home theater PC software
• Cinema 4D
• Civilization IV has the map editor supporting Python.
• Corel Paint Shop Pro
• Claws Mail with Python plugin
• DSHub
• ERDAS Imagine
• FL Studio, a Digital audio workstation, uses Python to support MIDI Controller integration, as well as scripting within its piano roll and Edison audio editor.
• FreeCAD
• gedit
• GIMP
• GNAT The GNAT programming chain tool (Ada language implementation in GNU gcc), as a GNATcoll reusable components for the applications (with or without PyGTK) and as a scripting language for the commands in the GPS programming environment
• Houdini highly evolved 3D animation package, fully extensible using python
• Inkscape, a free vector graphics editor
• Krita, a free raster graphics editor for digital painting
• MeVisLab, a medical image processing and visualization software, uses Python for network scripting, macro modules, and application building
• Modo
• Micromine
• Minecraft: Pi Edition (game)
• MSC.Software's CAE packages: Adams, Mentat, SimXpert
• MySQL Workbench, a visual database design tool
• Notepad++ has a plugin named PythonScript that allows scripting Notepad++ in Python
• Nuke (compositing for visual effects)
• OriginPro, a commercial graphic and analysis software, provides Python environment for access
• ParaView, an opensource scientific visualization software
• Poser, a 3D rendering and animation computer program that uses for scripting a special dialect of Python, called PoserPython
• PTV AG products for traffic and transportation analysis, including PTV VISSIM
• PyMOL, a popular molecular viewer that embeds Python for scripting and integration
• OriginPro, a commercial graphing and analysis software, provides a Python environment for both embedded and external access
• QGIS uses Python for scripting and plugin-development
• Rhinoceros 3D version 5.0 and its visual-scripting language Grasshopper uses IronPython
• Rhythmbox
• Scribus
• 3DSlicer, medical image visualisation and analysis software. Python is available for algorithm implementation, analysis pipelines, and GUI creation.
• SPSS statistical software SPSS Programmability Extension allows users to extend the SPSS command syntax language with Python
• SublimeText
• Totem, a media player for the GNOME desktop environment
• Vim
• VisIt
• WeeChat, a console IRC client

Commercial uses

• CCP Games uses Stackless Python in both its server-side and client-side applications for its MMO Eve Online.
• Instagram's backend is written in Python.
• NASA is using Python to implement a CAD/CAE/PDM repository and model management, integration, and transformation system which will be the core infrastructure for its next-generation collaborative engineering environment. It is also the development language for OpenMDAO, a framework developed by NASA for solving multidisciplinary design optimization problems.
• "Python has been an important part of Google since the beginning, and remains so as the system grows and evolves. Today dozens of Google engineers use Python."
• Reddit was originally written in Common Lisp, but was rewritten in Python in 2005
• Yahoo! Groups uses Python "to maintain its discussion groups"
• YouTube uses Python "to produce maintainable features in record times, with a minimum of developers"
• Enthought uses Python as the main language for many custom applications in Geophysics, Financial applications, Astrophysics, simulations for consumer product companies, ...
• Rosneft uses Python as one of the main languages for its geoengineering applications development. RN-GRID, a hydraulic fracturing simulation software, has a graphical user interface written entirely in Python.

Python implementations

See also: Python (programming language) § Implementations, and Source-to-source compiler § Programming language implementations

Implementations of Python include:

• CLPython – Implementation, written in Common Lisp
• CPython – The reference implementation, written in C11. Some notable distributions include:
  • ActivePython – Distribution with more than 300 included packages
  • Intel Distribution for Python – High performance distribution with conda and pip package managers
  • PSF Python – Reference distribution that includes only selected standard libraries
• Cython – programming language to simplify writing C and C++ extension modules for the CPython Python runtime.
• IronPython – Python for CLI platforms (including .NET and Mono)
• Jython – Python for Java platforms
• MicroPython – Python 3 implementation for microcontroller platforms
• Nuitka – a source-to-source compiler which compiles Python code to C/C++ executables, or source code.
• Numba – NumPy aware LLVM-based JIT compiler
• Pyjs – a framework (based on Google Web Toolkit (GWT) concept) for developing client-side Python-based web applications, including a stand-alone Python-to-JavaScript compiler, an Ajax framework and widget toolkit
• PyPy – Python (originally) coded in Python, used with RPython, a restricted subset of Python that is amenable to static analysis and thus a JIT.
• Shed Skin – a source-to-source compiler from Python to C++

Historic Python implementations include:

• Parrot – Virtual machine being developed mainly as the runtime for Raku, and intended to support dynamic languages like Python, Ruby, Tcl, etc.
• Psyco – specialized JIT compiler project that has mostly been eclipsed by PyPy
• Pyrex – Python-like Python module development project that has mostly been eclipsed by Cython
• Python for S60 – CPython port to the S60 platform
• Stackless Python – CPython with coroutines
• Unladen Swallow – performance-orientated implementation based on CPython which natively executed its bytecode via an LLVM-based JIT compiler. Funded by Google, stopped circa 2011

External links

• Python Package Index (formerly the Python Cheese Shop) is the official directory of Python software libraries and modules
• Useful Modules in the Python.org wiki
• Organizations Using Python – a list of projects that make use of Python
• Python.org editors – Multi-platform table of various Python editors